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Eric Widmaier (Boston University) Hershel Raff (Medical College of Wisconsin) and Kevin Strang (University of Wisconsin) have taken on the challenge of maintaining the strengths and reputation of Vander's Homo Physiology: The Mechanisms of Trunk Office. Moving beyond the list of mere facts it stresses the causal chains of events that constitute the mechanisms of body function. The central purpose of this textbook is to present the principles and facts of human physiology in a format that is suitable for undergraduates regardless of academic background or field of written report.Vander'due south Human Physiology fifteenth edition carries on the tradition of clarity and accurateness while refining and updating the content to encounter the needs of today's instructors and students. The new edition offers an integrated package of textual and digital cloth to help deliver basic and clinical content real-life applications and educational technologies to students of physiology. With the 15th edition of Vander's Man Physiology all these pieces come together to facilitate learning and enthusiasm for understanding the mechanisms of body function.Users who purchase Connect A&P receive access to the post-obit digital resources:LearnSmart PrepSmartBookTegrity (Lecture Capture)Ph.i.L.S. (Physiology Interactive Laboratory Simulations)Beefcake & Physiology Revealed (Cadaver Version)

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Vander'due south Human Physiology 15th edition | 9781259903885, 9781260231625 | VitalSource

Tabular array OF CONTENTS

1. Cover
2. Championship
3. Copyright
4. Brief Contents
5. Run across the Authors
6. From the Authors
7. Table of Contents
8. Index of Practise Physiology
9. Guided Tour Through a Affiliate
10. Updates and Additions
11. Connect
12. Acknowledgments
13. Affiliate one Homeostasis: A Framework for Human Physiology
14. 1.1 The Telescopic of Human Physiology
15. 1.two How Is the Body Organized?
16. Muscle Cells and Tissue
17. Neurons and Nervous Tissue
18. Epithelial Cells and Epithelial Tissue
19. Connective-Tissue Cells and Connective Tissue
20. Organs and Organ Systems
21. 1.3 Body Fluid Compartments
22. 1.four Homeostasis: A Defining Feature of Physiology
23. 1.v General Characteristics of Homeostatic Control Systems
24. Feedback Systems
25. Resetting of Set Points
26. Feedforward Regulation
27. 1.6 Components of Homeostatic Control Systems
28. Reflexes
29. Local Homeostatic Responses
30. 1.seven The Role of Intercellular Chemic Messengers in Homeostasis
31. 1.eight Processes Related to Homeostasis
32. Adaptation and Acclimatization
33. Biological Rhythms
34. Balance of Chemical Substances in the Body
35. 1.9 General Principles of Physiology
36. Affiliate 1 Clinical Case Written report
37. Assorted ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
38. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL Research QUESTIONS
39. Chapter 2 Chemic Composition of the Torso and Its Relation to Physiology
40. 2.1 Atoms
41. Components of Atoms
42. Diminutive Number
43. Diminutive Mass
44. Ions
45. Diminutive Composition of the Body
46. 2.2 Molecules
47. Covalent Chemical Bonds
48. Ionic Bonds
49. Hydrogen Bonds
50. Molecular Shape
51. Ionic Molecules
52. Gratis Radicals
53. 2.3 Solutions
54. Water
55. Molecular Solubility
56. Concentration
57. Hydrogen Ions and Acidity
58. ii.four Classes of Organic Molecules
59. Carbohydrates
60. Lipids
61. Proteins
62. Nucleic Acids
63. Affiliate 2 Clinical Case Written report
64. ASSORTED Assessment QUESTIONS
65. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL INQUIRY QUESTIONS
66. Chapter three Cellular Construction, Proteins, and Metabolic Pathways
67. SECTION A Jail cell Structure
68. 3.1 Microscopic Observations of Cells
69. iii.ii Membranes
70. Membrane Construction
71. Membrane Junctions
72. 3.3 Prison cell Organelles
73. Nucleus
74. Ribosomes
75. Endoplasmic Reticulum
76. Golgi Appliance
77. Endosomes
78. Mitochondria
79. Lysosomes
80. Peroxisomes
81. Vaults
82. Cytoskeleton
83. Department B Protein Synthesis, Degradation, and Secretion
84. 3.four Genetic Lawmaking
85. iii.5 Protein Synthesis
86. Transcription: mRNA Synthesis
87. Translation: Polypeptide Synthesis
88. Regulation of Poly peptide Synthesis
89. Mutation
90. three.half-dozen Protein Degradation
91. iii.7 Protein Secretion
92. SECTION C Interactions Between Proteins and Ligands
93. three.viii Bounden Site Characteristics
94. Chemic Specificity
95. Analogousness
96. Saturation
97. Competition
98. three.9 Regulation of Binding Site Characteristics
99. Allosteric Modulation
100. Covalent Modulation
101. Section D Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
102. three.10 Chemical Reactions
103. Determinants of Reaction Rates
104. Reversible and Irreversible Reactions
105. Law of Mass Action
106. iii.11 Enzymes
107. Cofactors
108. 3.12 Regulation of Enzyme-Mediated Reactions
109. Substrate Concentration
110. Enzyme Concentration
111. Enzyme Activity
112. three.13 Multienzyme Reactions
113. SECTION E Metabolic Pathways
114. 3.14 Cellular Energy Transfer
115. Glycolysis
116. Krebs Bike
117. Oxidative Phosphorylation
118. 3.15 Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Metabolism
119. Carbohydrate Metabolism
120. Fatty Metabolism
121. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism
122. Metabolism Summary
123. iii.16 Essential Nutrients
124. Vitamins
125. Chapter 3 Clinical Case Study
126. ASSORTED ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
127. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL INQUIRY QUESTIONS
128. Chapter 4 Movement of Solutes and Water Across Prison cell Membranes
129. 4.1 Diffusion
130. Magnitude and Direction of Diffusion
131. Diffusion Rate Versus Distance
132. Improvidence Through Membranes
133. four.two Mediated-Send Systems
134. Facilitated Diffusion
135. Active Ship
136. 4.3 Osmosis
137. Extracellular Osmolarity and Jail cell Volume
138. four.iv Endocytosis and Exocytosis
139. Endocytosis
140. Exocytosis
141. 4.v Epithelial Transport
142. Chapter iv Clinical Case Written report
143. ASSORTED ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
144. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL Inquiry QUESTIONS
145. Chapter 5 Cell Signaling in Physiology
146. 5.i Receptors
147. Types of Receptors
148. Interactions Between Receptors and Ligands
149. Regulation of Receptors
150. 5.2 Signal Transduction Pathways
151. Pathways Initiated past Lipid-Soluble Messengers
152. Pathways Initiated past Water-Soluble Messengers
153. Major Second Messengers
154. Other Messengers
155. Cessation of Activity in Indicate Transduction Pathways
156. Chapter five Clinical Case Study
157. ASSORTED Assessment QUESTIONS
158. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL INQUIRY QUESTIONS
159. Chapter 6 Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the Nervous Arrangement
160. SECTION A Cells of the Nervous System
161. 6.1 Structure and Maintenance of Neurons
162. half-dozen.2 Functional Classes of Neurons
163. 6.3 Glial Cells
164. 6.4 Neural Growth and Regeneration
165. Growth and Development of Neurons
166. Regeneration of Axons
167. SECTION B Membrane Potentials
168. 6.5 Basic Principles of Electricity
169. 6.vi The Resting Membrane Potential
170. Nature and Magnitude of the Resting Membrane Potential
171. Contribution of Ion Concentration Differences
172. Contribution of Different Ion Permeabilities
173. Contribution of Ion Pumps
174. Summary of the Development of a Resting Membrane Potential
175. 6.7 Graded Potentials and Activity Potentials
176. Graded Potentials
177. Action Potentials
178. SECTION C Synapses
179. 6.8 Functional Anatomy of Synapses
180. Electrical Synapses
181. Chemic Synapses
182. 6.nine Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release
183. six.10 Activation of the Postsynaptic Jail cell
184. Bounden of Neurotransmitters to Receptors
185. Removal of Neurotransmitter from the Synapse
186. Excitatory Chemical Synapses
187. Inhibitory Chemical Synapses
188. 6.11 Synaptic Integration
189. 6.12 Synaptic Strength
190. Presynaptic Mechanisms
191. Postsynaptic Mechanisms
192. Modification of Synaptic Transmission by Drugs and Affliction
193. half-dozen.xiii Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators
194. Acetylcholine
195. Biogenic Amines
196. Amino Acid Neurotransmitters
197. Neuropeptides
198. Gases
199. Purines
200. Lipids
201. 6.fourteen Neuroeffector Communication
202. Department D Structure of the Nervous System
203. 6.15 Cardinal Nervous System: Brain
204. Forebrain: The Cerebrum
205. Forebrain: The Diencephalon
206. Hindbrain: The Cerebellum
207. Brainstem: The Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata
208. half dozen.xvi Cardinal Nervous Organization: Spinal Cord
209. 6.17 Peripheral Nervous System
210. vi.18 Autonomic Nervous System
211. half-dozen.19 Protective Elements Associated with the Brain
212. Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid
213. The Blood–Brain Barrier
214. Chapter 6 Clinical Case Written report
215. Assorted ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
216. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL Research QUESTIONS
217. Chapter 7 Sensory Physiology
218. Department A General Principles
219. 7.1 Sensory Receptors
220. The Receptor Potential
221. 7.2 Master Sensory Coding
222. Stimulus Type
223. Stimulus Intensity
224. Stimulus Location
225. Cardinal Command of Afferent Information
226. 7.3 Ascending Neural Pathways in Sensory Systems
227. 7.4 Association Cortex and Perceptual Processing
228. Factors That Touch Perception
229. Department B Specific Sensory Systems
230. vii.5 Somatic Sensation
231. Touch and Pressure
232. Posture and Movement
233. Temperature
234. Pain and Itch
235. Neural Pathways of the Somatosensory System
236. 7.6 Vision
237. Light
238. Overview of Center Beefcake
239. The Optics of Vision
240. Photoreceptor Cells and Phototransduction
241. Neural Pathways of Vision
242. Color Vision
243. Color Incomprehension
244. Middle Movement
245. Common Diseases of the Eye
246. vii.7 Audition
247. Sound
248. Audio Transmission in the Ear
249. Hair Cells of the Organ of Corti
250. Neural Pathways in Hearing
251. 7.8 Vestibular Arrangement
252. The Semicircular Canals
253. The Utricle and Saccule
254. Vestibular Information and Pathways
255. 7.9 Chemical Senses
256. Gustation
257. Olfaction
258. Chapter 7 Clinical Case Study
259. ASSORTED Assessment QUESTIONS
260. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL Research QUESTIONS
261. Chapter 8 Consciousness, the Encephalon, and Beliefs
262. 8.i States of Consciousness
263. Electroencephalogram
264. The Waking State
265. Slumber
266. Neural Substrates of States of Consciousness
267. Coma and Brain Death
268. viii.2 Conscious Experiences
269. Selective Attention
270. Neural Mechanisms of Conscious Experiences
271. 8.3 Motivation and Emotion
272. Motivation
273. Emotion
274. viii.4 Altered States of Consciousness
275. Schizophrenia
276. The Mood Disorders: Low and Bipolar Disorders
277. Psychoactive Substances, Tolerance, and Substance Utilize Disorders
278. 8.v Learning and Retentivity
279. Memory
280. The Neural Basis of Learning and Memory
281. viii.half dozen Cerebral Authorization and Language
282. Chapter 8 Clinical Case Study
283. Contrasted Assessment QUESTIONS
284. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL Inquiry QUESTIONS
285. Chapter 9 Muscle
286. SECTION A Skeletal Muscle
287. 9.1 Structure
288. Cellular Structure
289. Connective Tissue Structure
290. Filament Construction
291. Sarcomere Structure
292. Other Myofibril Structures
293. 9.two Molecular Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Wrinkle
294. Membrane Excitation: The Neuromuscular Junction
295. Excitation–Contraction Coupling
296. Sliding-Filament Mechanism
297. 9.3 Mechanics of Single-Cobweb Wrinkle
298. Twitch Contractions
299. Load–Velocity Relation
300. Frequency–Tension Relation
301. Length–Tension Relation
302. nine.4 Skeletal Muscle Free energy Metabolism
303. Creatine Phosphate
304. Oxidative Phosphorylation
305. Glycolysis
306. Muscle Fatigue
307. ix.five Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
308. ix.6 Whole-Muscle Contraction
309. Command of Muscle Tension
310. Control of Shortening Velocity
311. Muscle Adaptation to Exercise
312. Lever Action of Muscles and Basic
313. 9.vii Skeletal Muscle Disorders
314. Muscle Cramps
315. Hypocalcemic Tetany
316. Muscular Dystrophy
317. Myasthenia Gravis
318. Section B Shine and Cardiac Muscle
319. 9.8 Construction of Smoothen Muscle
320. 9.9 Smoothen Musculus Wrinkle and Its Control
321. Cantankerous-Bridge Activation
322. Sources of Cytosolic Ca2+
323. Membrane Activation
324. Types of Smooth Muscle
325. ix.10 Cardiac Muscle
326. Cellular Construction of Cardiac Musculus
327. Excitation–Contraction Coupling in Cardiac Muscle
328. Chapter nine Clinical Case Report
329. ASSORTED Assessment QUESTIONS
330. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL Research QUESTIONS
331. Affiliate 10 Command of Trunk Movement
332. 10.i Motor Control Hierarchy
333. Voluntary and Involuntary Actions
334. x.2 Local Control of Motor Neurons
335. Interneurons
336. Local Afferent Input
337. 10.3 The Brain Motor Centers and the Descending Pathways They Command
338. Cognitive Cortex
339. Subcortical and Brainstem Nuclei
340. Cerebellum
341. Descending Pathways
342. 10.four Musculus Tone
343. Abnormal Muscle Tone
344. 10.v Maintenance of Upright Posture and Balance
345. x.6 Walking
346. Chapter 10 Clinical Case Study
347. Contrasted ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
348. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL INQUIRY QUESTIONS
349. Chapter 11 The Endocrine System
350. Department A General Characteristics of Hormones and Hormonal Control Systems
351. 11.1 Hormones and Endocrine Glands
352. 11.ii Hormone Structures and Synthesis
353. Amine Hormones
354. Peptide and Protein Hormones
355. Steroid Hormones
356. 11.iii Hormone Send in the Blood
357. eleven.4 Hormone Metabolism and Excretion
358. eleven.5 Mechanisms of Hormone Action
359. Hormone Receptors
360. Events Elicited by Hormone–Receptor Bounden
361. Pharmacological Effects of Hormones
362. 11.6 Inputs That Control Hormone Secretion
363. Control past Plasma Concentrations of Mineral Ions or Organic Nutrients
364. Control by Neurons
365. Control by Other Hormones
366. 11.7 Types of Endocrine Disorders
367. Hyposecretion
368. Hypersecretion
369. Hyporesponsiveness and Hyperresponsiveness
370. SECTION B The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
371. 11.8 Control Systems Involving the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
372. Posterior Pituitary Hormones
373. Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones and the Hypothalamus
374. Section C The Thyroid Gland
375. 11.9 Synthesis of Thyroid Hormone
376. 11.10 Command of Thyroid Function
377. xi.11 Actions of Thyroid Hormone
378. Metabolic Deportment
379. Permissive Actions
380. Growth and Development
381. 11.12 Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
382. SECTION D The Endocrine Response to Stress
383. 11.13 Physiological Functions of Cortisol
384. 11.14 Functions of Cortisol in Stress
385. 11.15 Adrenal Insufficiency and Cushing'south Syndrome
386. eleven.16 Other Hormones Released During Stress
387. SECTION E Endocrine Control of Growth
388. 11.17 Os Growth
389. xi.eighteen Environmental Factors Influencing Growth
390. xi.19 Hormonal Influences on Growth
391. Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factors
392. Thyroid Hormone
393. Insulin
394. Sex Steroids
395. Cortisol
396. Department F Endocrine Control of Ca2+ Homeostasis
397. 11.twenty Effector Sites for Ca2+ Homeostasis
398. Os
399. Kidneys
400. Gastrointestinal Tract
401. xi.21 Hormonal Controls
402. Parathyroid Hormone
403. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
404. Calcitonin
405. 11.22 Metabolic Bone Diseases
406. Hypercalcemia
407. Hypocalcemia
408. Affiliate 11 Clinical Example Study
409. ASSORTED Assessment QUESTIONS
410. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL INQUIRY QUESTIONS
411. Chapter 12 Cardiovascular Physiology
412. SECTION A Overview of the Circulatory System
413. 12.i Components of the Circulatory System
414. Blood
415. Plasma
416. The Claret Cells
417. Blood Flow
418. Circulation
419. 12.2 Pressure level, Flow, and Resistance
420. SECTION B The Heart
421. 12.3 Anatomy
422. Cardiac Muscle
423. 12.four Heartbeat Coordination
424. Sequence of Excitation
425. Cardiac Action Potentials and Excitation of the SA Node
426. The Electrocardiogram
427. Excitation–Contraction Coupling
428. Refractory Period of the Heart
429. 12.five Mechanical Events of the Cardiac Wheel
430. Mid-Diastole to Late Diastole
431. Systole
432. Early Diastole
433. Pulmonary Circulation Pressures
434. Heart Sounds
435. 12.vi The Cardiac Output
436. Command of Heart Rate
437. Command of Stroke Volume
438. 12.7 Measurement of Cardiac Function
439. Department C The Vascular Organisation
440. 12.8 Arteries
441. Arterial Blood Pressure
442. Measurement of Systemic Arterial Force per unit area
443. 12.9 Arterioles
444. Local Controls
445. Extrinsic Controls
446. Endothelial Cells and Vascular Smooth Musculus
447. Arteriolar Control in Specific Organs
448. 12.10 Capillaries
449. Anatomy of the Capillary Network
450. Velocity of Capillary Blood Flow
451. Diffusion Beyond the Capillary Wall: Exchanges of Nutrients and Metabolic End Products
452. Bulk Menstruum Across the Capillary Wall: Distribution of the Extracellular Fluid
453. 12.11 Venules and Veins
454. Determinants of Venous Pressure level
455. 12.12 The Lymphatic System
456. Mechanism of Lymph Period
457. Section D Integration of Cardiovascular Office: Regulation of Systemic Arterial Pressure
458. 12.13 Baroreceptor Reflexes
459. Arterial Baroreceptors
460. The Medullary Cardiovascular Center
461. Performance of the Arterial Baroreceptor Reflex
462. Other Baroreceptors
463. 12.14 Blood Volume and Long-Term Regulation of Arterial Force per unit area
464. 12.15 Other Cardiovascular Reflexes and Responses
465. Section E Cardiovascular Patterns in Health and Disease
466. 12.16 Hemorrhage and Other Causes of Hypotension
467. Shock
468. 12.17 The Upright Posture
469. 12.18 Exercise
470. Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Grooming
471. 12.19 Hypertension
472. 12.20 Heart Failure
473. 12.21 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
474. 12.22 Coronary Artery Disease and Eye Attacks
475. Causes and Prevention
476. Drug Therapy
477. Interventions
478. Stroke and TIA
479. SECTION F Hemostasis: The Prevention of Blood Loss
480. 12.23 Formation of a Platelet Plug
481. 12.24 Blood Coagulation: Clot Germination
482. 12.25 Anticlotting Systems
483. Factors That Oppose Clot Formation
484. The Fibrinolytic System
485. 12.26 Anticlotting Drugs
486. Chapter 12 Clinical Case Study
487. Assorted Cess QUESTIONS
488. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL INQUIRY QUESTIONS
489. Chapter 13 Respiratory Physiology
490. xiii.1 Organization of the Respiratory System
491. The Airways and Blood Vessels
492. Site of Gas Substitution: The Alveoli
493. Relation of the Lungs to the Thoracic (Chest) Wall
494. 13.ii Principles of Ventilation
495. Ventilation
496. Boyle's Law
497. Transmural Pressures
498. How Is a Stable Residual of Transmural Pressures Accomplished Between Breaths?
499. Inspiration
500. Expiration
501. 13.three Lung Mechanics
502. Lung Compliance
503. Airway Resistance
504. Lung Volumes and Capacities
505. thirteen.4 Alveolar Ventilation
506. Dead Space
507. 13.5 Exchange of Gases in Alveoli and Tissues
508. Partial Pressures of Gases
509. Alveolar Gas Pressures
510. Gas Commutation Between Alveoli and Blood
511. Matching of Ventilation and Claret Flow in Alveoli
512. Gas Exchange Between Tissues and Blood
513. 13.half-dozen Transport of Oxygen in Blood
514. What Is the Result of Po2 on Hemoglobin Saturation?
515. Effects of Other Factors on Hemoglobin Saturation and Oxygen-Carrying Capacity
516. 13.7 Transport of Carbon Dioxide in Claret
517. 13.8 Transport of Hydrogen Ion Between Tissues and Lungs
518. 13.nine Control of Respiration
519. Neural Generation of Rhythmic Breathing
520. Control of Ventilation past Po2, and H+ Concentration
521. Command of Ventilation During Practise
522. Other Ventilatory Responses
523. 13.x Hypoxia
524. Why Do Ventilation–Perfusion Abnormalities Affect O2 More than Than CO2?
525. Emphysema
526. Acclimatization to High Altitude
527. 13.11 Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lungs
528. Chapter 13 Clinical Case Study
529. ASSORTED ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
530. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL Research QUESTIONS
531. Chapter 14 The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions
532. SECTION A Basic Principles of Renal Physiology
533. 14.one Renal Functions
534. fourteen.2 Structure of the Kidneys and Urinary System
535. 14.three Basic Renal Processes
536. Glomerular Filtration
537. Tubular Reabsorption
538. Tubular Secretion
539. Metabolism by the Tubules
540. Regulation of Membrane Channels and Transporters
541. "Division of Labor" in the Tubules
542. 14.4 The Concept of Renal Clearance
543. 14.5 Micturition
544. Involuntary (Spinal) Control
545. Voluntary Control
546. Incontinence
547. SECTION B Regulation of Ion and H2o Residue
548. 14.6 Full-Torso Rest of Sodium and Water
549. xiv.vii Basic Renal Processes for Sodium and H2o
550. Primary Active Na+ Reabsorption
551. Coupling of Water Reabsorption to Na+ Reabsorption
552. Urine Concentration: The Countercurrent Multiplier Organisation
553. 14.8 Renal Sodium Regulation
554. Control of GFR
555. Command of Na+ Reabsorption
556. 14.ix Renal Water Regulation
557. Osmoreceptor Control of Vasopressin Secretion
558. Baroreceptor Control of Vasopressin Secretion
559. 14.ten A Summary Case: The Response to Sweating
560. 14.11 Thirst and Salt Appetite
561. 14.12 Potassium Regulation
562. Renal Regulation of G+
563. 14.13 Renal Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Ions
564. 14.xiv Summary—Division of Labor
565. 14.15 Diuretics
566. Section C Hydrogen Ion Regulation
567. xiv.16 Sources of Hydrogen Ion Gain or Loss
568. 14.17 Buffering of Hydrogen Ion in the Body
569. 14.18 Integration of Homeostatic Controls
570. 14.19 Renal Mechanisms
571. HCO3 − Handling
572. Addition of New HCO3− to the Plasma
573. 14.20 Classification of Acidosis and Alkalosis
574. Affiliate xiv Clinical Case Study
575. ASSORTED Cess QUESTIONS
576. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL INQUIRY QUESTIONS
577. Affiliate fifteen The Digestion and Absorption of Food
578. 15.1 Overview of the Digestive Arrangement
579. xv.2 Structure of the Gastrointestinal tract Wall
580. 15.3 How Are Gastrointestinal Processes Regulated?
581. Neural Regulation
582. Hormonal Regulation
583. Phases of Gastrointestinal Command
584. 15.4 Rima oris, Pharynx, and Esophagus
585. Saliva
586. Chewing
587. Swallowing
588. 15.five The Breadbasket
589. Anatomy
590. Secretions of the Stomach
591. Gastric Movement
592. fifteen.6 The Small Intestine
593. Beefcake
594. Secretions
595. Digestion and Absorption in the Small Intestine
596. Motion of the Small Intestine
597. fifteen.seven The Large Intestine
598. Anatomy
599. Secretion, Digestion and Absorption in the Large Intestine
600. Motion of the Large Intestine and Defecation
601. 15.8 Pathophysiology of the Digestive System
602. Ulcers
603. Vomiting
604. Gallstones
605. Lactose Intolerance
606. Constipation and Diarrhea
607. Affiliate 15 Clinical Case Study
608. Contrasted ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS
609. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL INQUIRY QUESTIONS
610. Chapter 16 Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance
611. Department A Control and Integration of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat Metabolism
612. 16.i Events of the Absorptive and Postabsorptive States
613. Absorptive Country
614. Postabsorptive Country
615. xvi.2 Endocrine and Neural Command of the Absorptive and Postabsorptive States
616. Insulin
617. Glucagon
618. Epinephrine and Sympathetic Nerves to Liver and Adipose Tissue
619. Cortisol
620. Growth Hormone
621. Hypoglycemia
622. 16.3 Energy Homeostasis in Do and Stress
623. Department B Regulation of Total-Body Energy Rest
624. xvi.4 General Principles of Energy Expenditure
625. Metabolic Rate
626. 16.5 Regulation of Total-Body Free energy Stores
627. Regulation of Food Intake
628. Overweight and Obesity
629. Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa
630. What Should We Eat?
631. SECTION C Regulation of Trunk Temperature
632. sixteen.6 General Principles of Thermoregulation
633. Mechanisms of Rut Loss or Proceeds
634. Temperature-Regulating Reflexes
635. Temperature Acclimatization
636. 16.7 Fever and Hyperthermia
637. Chapter xvi Clinical Case Report
638. Assorted Assessment QUESTIONS
639. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL Inquiry QUESTIONS
640. Chapter 17 Reproduction
641. SECTION A Gametogenesis, Sexual practice Determination, and Sex Differentiation; Full general Principles of Reproductive Endocrinology
642. 17.1 Gametogenesis
643. 17.2 Sexual activity Determination
644. 17.iii Sex Differentiation
645. Differentiation of the Gonads
646. Differentiation of Internal and External Ballocks
647. Fetal and Neonatal Programming
648. Sexual Differentiation of the Brain
649. 17.4 Full general Principles of Reproductive Endocrinology
650. Androgens
651. Estrogens and Progesterone
652. Furnishings of Gonadal Steroids
653. Hypothalamo–Pituitary–Gonadal Command
654. SECTION B Male Reproductive Physiology
655. 17.five Anatomy
656. 17.six Spermatogenesis
657. Sertoli Cells
658. Leydig Cells
659. Production of Mature Sperm
660. 17.7 Send of Sperm
661. Erection
662. Ejaculation
663. 17.eight Hormonal Control of Male person Reproductive Functions
664. Control of the Testes
665. Testosterone
666. 17.9 Puberty
667. Secondary Sexual activity Characteristics and Growth
668. Behavior
669. Anabolic Steroid Apply
670. 17.10 Hypogonadism
671. 17.eleven Andropause
672. Section C Female Reproductive Physiology
673. 17.12 Anatomy
674. 17.xiii Ovarian Functions
675. Oogenesis
676. Follicle Growth
677. Germination of the Corpus Luteum
678. Sites of Synthesis of Ovarian Hormones
679. 17.fourteen Control of Ovarian Office
680. Follicle Evolution and Estrogen Synthesis During the Early and Middle Follicular Phases
681. LH Surge and Ovulation
682. The Luteal Phase
683. 17.xv Uterine Changes in the Menstrual Cycle
684. 17.sixteen Additional Furnishings of Gonadal Steroids
685. 17.17 Puberty
686. 17.18 Female Sexual Response
687. 17.nineteen Menopause
688. SECTION D Pregnancy, Contraception, Infertility, and Hormonal Changes through Life
689. 17.20 Fertilization and Early Development
690. Egg Send
691. Intercourse, Sperm Transport, and Capacitation
692. Fertilization
693. Early Development, Implantation, and Placentation
694. 17.21 Hormonal and Other Changes During Pregnancy
695. Preeclampsia and Pregnancy Sickness 642
696. 17.22 Parturition and Lactation
697. Parturition
698. Lactation
699. 17.23 Contraception and Infertility
700. Contraception
701. Infertility
702. 17.24 Summary of Reproductive Hormones Through Life
703. Chapter 17 Clinical Example Study
704. ASSORTED Assessment QUESTIONS
705. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL Research QUESTIONS
706. Chapter 18 The Allowed Organisation
707. eighteen.ane Cells and Secretions Mediating Immune Defenses
708. Immune Cells
709. Immune Cell Secretions: Cytokines
710. 18.2 Innate Allowed Responses
711. Defenses at Body Surfaces
712. Inflammation
713. Interferons
714. Toll-Similar Receptors
715. 18.3 Adaptive Immune Responses
716. Overview
717. Lymphoid Organs and Lymphocyte Origins
718. Humoral and Cell-Mediated Responses: Functions of B Cells and T Cells
719. Lymphocyte Receptors
720. Antigen Presentation to T Cells
721. NK Cells
722. Evolution of Immune Tolerance
723. Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses: Defenses Against Bacteria, Extracellular Viruses, and Toxins
724. Defenses Against Virus-Infected Cells and Cancer Cells
725. 18.4 Systemic Manifestations of Infection
726. 18.five Factors That Change the Resistance to Infection
727. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
728. Antibiotics
729. eighteen.6 Harmful Allowed Responses
730. Graft Rejection
731. Transfusion Reactions
732. Hypersensitivities
733. Autoimmune Affliction
734. Excessive Inflammatory Responses
735. Affiliate 18 Clinical Case Written report
736. Assorted Assessment QUESTIONS
737. ANSWERS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL Research QUESTIONS
738. Affiliate 19 Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases
739. Section A Case Study of a Adult female with Palpitations and Heat Intolerance
740. 19.i Case Presentation
741. xix.2 Physical Examination
742. 19.iii Laboratory Tests
743. xix.4 Diagnosis
744. xix.v Physiological Integration
745. 19.6 Therapy
746. Department B Case Report of a Homo with Breast Pain After a Long Airplane Flying
747. 19.7 Instance Presentation
748. xix.8 Physical Exam
749. xix.9 Laboratory Tests
750. 19.10 Diagnosis
751. xix.11 Physiological Integration
752. xix.12 Therapy
753. SECTION C Case Study of a Homo with Abdominal Pain, Fever, and Circulatory Failure
754. xix.thirteen Case Presentation
755. xix.fourteen Physical Examination
756. 19.fifteen Laboratory Tests
757. 19.16 Diagnosis
758. nineteen.17 Physiological Integration
759. xix.18 Therapy
760. Section D Instance Written report of a College Educatee with Nausea, Flushing, and Sweating
761. xix.xix Case Presentation
762. 19.20 Concrete Examination
763. 19.21 Laboratory Tests
764. 19.22 Diagnosis
765. 19.23 Physiological Integration
766. nineteen.24 Therapy
767. Appendix A Answers to Test Questions
768. Appendix B Index of Clinical Terms
769. Appendix C Concentration Ranges of Commonly Measured Variables in Blood
770. Glossary | Alphabetize

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